However, the practice of automation and intelligence innovation from the ports in China is expected to solve this dilemma.
On the port's visitor platform at the container terminal at Section C of Tianjin Port, you can see that container cranes operate automatically and unmanned electric container trucks come and go.
At the port, remotely controlled quay cranes stably pick up containers that are loaded with cargo from cargo ships, and load these containers onto unmanned electric container trucks.
Under the guidance of the BeiDou navigation satellite system, the container trucks go to the automatic locking/unlocking stations, according the optimal driving route calculated in real time, to unlock the containers, and then drive to the container yard.
The whole process is completed in one go.
This smart terminal was built by Tianjin Port Group (TPG), together with Huawei and other partners, as part of its efforts to build a smart and green port.
One of the key innovative applications to address this is Huawei's self-developed, truly AI-based intelligent horizontal transportation system, which has achieved a series of "world firsts":
Large-scale commercial use of ultra-L4 driverless, the world's first "5G+BeiDou" integration of ubiquitous intelligence, the world's first self-sufficiency in green electricity and zero carbon emission, etc.
This achievement provides a blueprint for other parts of the world to build intelligent and low-carbon ports.
The intelligent and digital transformation of the port has led to tangible benefits.
Previously, transporting containers to container yards within ports requires a large number of container trucks.
Using human drivers is very costly.
Tianjin Port, for example, currently has 76 container trucks.
To ensure 24/7 operations, each container truck needs three drivers working in three shifts every day.
That means a total of 210 drivers are required.
In addition, it is exhausting for truck drivers to drive on fixed routes in three shifts, posing an obvious safety hazard.
Now, each container now consumes 20% less energy, and cranes are 20% more efficient on average, with each crane operating 39 container units per hour.
Tianjin port is one of China's most technologically advanced ports and a vital hub for the One Belt One Road initiative.
It has a 300000-ton-class wharf with a channel depth of -22 meters.
It has 192 berths of various types and 128 berths above the 10,000-ton-class.
By the end of 2021, the port’s cargo throughput reached 435 million tons, ranking ninth in the world, while the container throughput exceeded 18.35 million TEUs, ranking the eighth port in the world.